Cybercriminals are very good at detecting and targeting technology weaknesses and vulnerabilities to launch cyberattacks across all attack vectors. Common vulnerabilities include outdated or unpatched software, which attackers can exploit to gain unauthorized access, compromise data, or execute malicious code. Weak authentication mechanisms can also allow unauthorized individuals or attackers to gain access to systems and sensitive information, or to compromise accounts. Insecure application design can also contribute to cyberattacks by introducing vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit, such as security misconfigurations, flawed session management, or insecurely designed APIs. 

Attackers also target network vulnerabilities. These include unsecured Wi-Fi networks, which allow attackers to intercept or manipulate communication between two parties, potentially stealing sensitive information or injecting malicious content. Weak network configurations can also create security gaps that attackers can exploit, such as inadequate firewall rules, misconfigured access control lists (ACLs), and weak or outdated encryption protocols. 

Vulnerabilities related to supply chain issues can also be exploited by attackers. Weaknesses in third-party suppliers or cybersecurity practices by vendors can be exploited by attackers to gain access to an organization's network or resources. These can include inadequate security measures, unpatched software, or vulnerable hardware. It’s important to assess the cybersecurity practices of suppliers and partners and require them to adhere to security standards and best practices as part of vendor due diligence. 

Human factors can also contribute to cyber vulnerabilities. In addition to social engineering attacks, in which criminals manipulate individuals into revealing sensitive information, use of weak passwords or lack of security awareness on the part of employees can also create an opening for a cyberattack. Insider negligence, such as inadvertently downloading malware or mishandling sensitive data—even if unintentional—can lead to cyberattacks. 

Like many other technologies, AI can be used for both legitimate and malicious purposes and is increasingly harnessed by bad actors to conduct sophisticated and damaging cyberattacks. AI can be employed to scan software and systems for vulnerabilities and collect and analyze data about potential targets. It can then be used to launch attacks when weaknesses are detected. AI can also speed up the process of password cracking by using machine learning algorithms to guess passwords more efficiently. AI-generated deepfake videos and audio can be used for social engineering attacks, impersonating high-level executives or other trusted figures within an organization to manipulate employees into taking actions that compromise security. In addition, easy access to powerful AI is democratizing cybercrime by lowering the barriers to entry for conducting automated cyberattacks, making it easier for a wider range of individuals or groups to engage in cybercrime.